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Jessica Duncan Piazzi Smyth
Jessica Duncan Piazzi Smyth (1812, Aberdeen – 24 March 1896 Ripon) made geological tours of the British Isles and Europe, and traveled to Egypt, Tenerife, and throughout the Mediterranean on scientific expeditions with her husband, Charles Piazzi Smyth, the Astronomer Royal for Scotland.
==Life==
Jessica "Jessie" Duncan was born in Aberdeen the daughter of Jannet Young and Thomas Duncan. Her father was a lawyer; after his death, Jessie Duncan was raised at Clova, the home of her stepfather, Harry Keith Lumsden, in the village of Lumsden.〔Mary Brück, "Smyth, Jessica Piazzi (Jessie)," in Elizabeth Ewan, Sue Innes, and Sian Reynolds, eds., ''The Biographical Dictionary of Scottish Women'' (University of Edinburgh Press 2007): 331.〕 When Lumsden died in 1844, Jessie and her mother moved to Edinburgh.〔Mary T. Brück, "Intrepid Travellers," ''Women in Early British and Irish Astronomy: Stars and Satellites'' (Springer 2009): 127–147.〕 She studied geology with Alexander Rose of the Edinburgh Geological Society. As a single woman in her thirties, Jessie Duncan joined geological field trips around the British Isles, and traveled as far from home as Switzerland and Italy in her scientific pursuits. She attended the British Association for the Advancement of Science meeting in Belfast in 1852.
She married Charles Piazzi Smyth in December 1855, and the two traveled the following year to Tenerife, to visit the peak of the highest mountain and assess its potential for an astronomical observatory.〔''(Monthly Notices of the Royal Astronomical Society'' 61(1900–1901) ): 191.〕 Together, the Piazzi Smyths traveled around the Mediterranean and Northern Africa, making astronomical observations, often in mountainous locations. Jessie kept the notes and sketches for their expeditions, learned to prepare and preserve local foods,〔Charles Piazzi Smyth, ''(Teneriffe, an Astronomer's Experiment ): or, Specialities of a Residence above Clouds'' (Lovell Reeve 1858): 121, 253, 381.〕 and was otherwise a constant assistant to her husband's work. "Her love of scientific travel was equal to Piazzi's own," notes biographer Mary T. Brück.〔Hermann Alexander Brück and Mary T. Brück, ''The Peripatetic Astronomer: The Life of Charles Piazzi Smyth'' (A Hilger 1988): 45.〕 She was also skilled at early photographic processes, and she printed hundreds of photographs used in Piazzi Smyth's reports and publications.〔"(Piazzi Smyth, Charles (1819–1900) )," in John Hannavy, ed., ''Encyclopedia of Nineteenth-Century Photography'' (CRC Press 2007): 1124.〕 Almost entirely at their own expense, she and Charles sailed in November 1864 to Egypt and spent four months under canvas beside the Great Pyramid of Giza. There they completed the most thorough survey of that monument to date, backed up by photographs of both exterior and interior.〔Smyth, C.Piazzi. Our Inheritance in the Great Pyramid. London, 1880 (4th ed.)〕
The couple retired to Ripon in 1888, and Jessie Piazzi Smyth died there in 1896, aged 81. There is an unusual pyramid-shaped monument to both Piazzi Smyths, in the churchyard at St. John's, Sharow, North Yorkshire.〔http://www.stjohnssharow.org/page7.html〕
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